The Question

So here is the question: Did Jesus intend to teach in this parable that the wheat and weeds are unconditionally elected before the foundations of the world to be wheat and weeds during the time of the harvest. 

I believe it is a mistake to imply that this is what Jesus was teaching, just as much as it would be a mistake to say that the parable of the leaven in the following scripture (Matthew 13:33) is Jesus teaching universalism. If we take the leaven analogy too far we could reach this conclusion,  because at the end, the whole bread is leavened. Parables are important and one of my favorites parts of the Bible. But it is important to remember that they are analogies, and they are there to teach us important truths that have been hidden from foundations of the world (Matthew 13:35). But we must also understand and be careful not to stretch the analogies beyond what Jesus was teaching and beyond his original intent.

The whole point in the angels not pulling up the weeds now is to illustrate that what appears to be weeds may turn out to be wheat. If we took the analogy too far we would wrongfully conclude that God (The Owner) doesn't know who are weeds or wheat or that he wouldn’t be able to tell the angels whom to pull up or leave. Rather, the point Jesus is making in the parable is that we should not look at outward appearances to those around us and judge them as helpless weeds doomed to their fate, but rather we should know that any of the “evil” people around us(the weeds) could actually turn from their ways in repentance and become wheat and part of the harvest. The weeds are not our enemy, they are our mission (Ephesians 6:12)! The point of the parable is actually arguing the opposite of the common Calvinist conclusion.

Why does God have patience 

Why does God have patience on those whom he is preparing his wrath towards? 

God's patience in the parable is for the purpose and benefit of the weeds. He is giving them more time to repent and take on the new nature of wheat by turning to Christ and to be given new life. Gods patience in his wrath is for the benefit of those whom he is carrying out the wrath towards. We see this clearly in this parable as well as Jeremiah 18 and Romans 9 with the potters clay; Nineveh in the Book of Jonah; and also referenced clearly in 2 Peter 3:9. 

It is important to address the pushback that will be given on the interpretation of this scripture in saying that the weeds can become wheat. I believe that we need to get this right in our hearts and minds as we strive to reach the lost and let the beauty of this passage teach us how to evangelize and view the world with God's eyes. 

Jesus' Interpretation:

Interestingly enough, this parable is one of the few that we have where Jesus provides his own interpretation to his disciples on the meaning. We don’t have to guess and we can simply read Matthew 13:36-43 for clarity. 

Jesus clearly calls the weeds the son of the devil and the wheat the sons of God in Matthew 13:38.

This answer should be immediately clear that we can change from weeds to wheat, but I will go deeper if it isn’t yet apparent to those who may be stuck still with the Calvinistic presuppositions of their definition of election.

Throughout the scriptures and in the heart of the gospel message is that our transformation in justification is constantly referred to as a rebirth, new nature, or adoption into sonship of God.

The very process of regeneration is in fact the spiritual work of changing our nature from weeds, children of the devil; to wheat, children of God.
[ List of scriptures that support this. ]

Paul emphasizes the importance of shedding our old self and becoming new creatures many times. In this parable, this new creature is emphasized in the analogy of weed to wheat. The one becoming another is fully inline with what the Bible teaches. Yes, weeds and wheat are separate things, BUT THAT IS THE POINT. We are becoming new creatures, the old has died and the new is born. Hence why we often refer to regeneration as "Born Again".

John 1:12 teaches that those who believe are given the right to be called children of God! We are all born children of the Devil (Weeds) and when we believe, we become children of God (Wheat)!
This is clearly a transfer of sonship from us being children of the devil to children of God. Praise the Lord!

Further Proof

Finally, if we need more reasoning to support that this parable doesn’t teach unconditional election is that we are not born as wheat, no one! The Bible teaches that we are all sinners and that we all go through the justification process of becoming children of God. In fact, it is more accurate to say that we are all born as weeds and we become wheat as we individually chose Christ as our savior.

It is in this mental picture of all the weeds becoming wheat in how we see the accuracy of this parable to the kingdom of God. As the wheat and weeds are coming up, they all look the same initially, some we can tell are wheat much quicker than others but as they grow, more and more of what we thought was weeds we now see as wheat (because they are justified and become new creatures).

The balance of God's nature in being just and love

Finally, it is important to note that although this passage strongly affirms the love, patience, and mercy of God - it simultaneously gives us a dire warning that the weeds on judgement day will be gathered and thrown into the lake of fire. Thankfully for us, we have a God who is as much a loving God as he is a just God. He is waiting with hands outstretched to all. He has already paid the cost to adopt you into sonship, and he has sovereignly given you the freedom to choose your Father to be God and not the devil by believing in Jesus Christ as your Lord and Saviour! - Amen